As it often happens, we do not need product SKU where it is placed in the template. To display in the right place, use this code:
<?php echo '' . $product->sku . ''; ?>
When I published this code on a test project (in /woocommerce/single-product/short-description.php) as a result, the product SKU was not displayed, because it was necessary to add global $product; above.
Full code:
<?php
global $product;
echo '' . $product->sku . '';
?>